酸溶-电感耦合等离子发射光谱法测定密西西比型铅锌矿床矿石中的铅   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

卢彦  冯勇  李刚  刘卫 《岩矿测试》2015,34(4):442-447

密西西比型(MVT)铅锌矿床的主要矿物有方铅石、闪锌矿,常伴生有重晶石、萤石等矿物,使得MVT型矿石在酸处理过程中易生成不溶于水和酸的硫酸铅钡复盐,故而检测矿样中铅的含量偏低。本文建立了采用盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸体系酸溶分解MVT型矿石,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)测定铅含量的分析方法。实验比较了盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸、盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸、盐酸-硝酸-硫酸三种酸溶体系的溶样效果,并通过X射线衍射论证了方法的可行性。结果表明,盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸体系克服了复盐硫酸铅钡和硫酸铅沉淀的生成,适量的氢氟酸促进了Pb SO4的溶解,X射线衍射表征也表明此种酸溶体系的沉淀中不含有Pb SO4,可更彻底地分解MVT型矿石。本方法精密度(RSD)为0.3%~0.6%,实际样品的加标回收率为96.0%~99.2%,铅的最佳检测范围为0.01%~20.0%。  相似文献   

Does continental crust transform during eclogite facies metamorphism?   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

D. J. Young  A. R. C. Kylander‐Clark 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2015,33(4):331-357

Eclogites within exhumed continental collision zones indicate regional burial to depths of at least 60 km, and often more than 100 km in the coesite‐stable, ultra‐high pressure (UHP) eclogite facies. Garnet, omphacitic pyroxene, high‐Si mica, kyanite ± coesite should grow at the expense of low‐P minerals in most felsic compositions, if equilibrium obtained at these conditions. The quartzofeldspathic rocks that comprise the bulk of eclogite facies terranes, however, contain mainly amphibolite facies, plagioclase‐bearing assemblages. To what extent these lower‐P minerals persisted metastably during (U)HP metamorphism, or whether they grew afterwards, reflects closely upon crustal parameters such as density, strength and seismic character. The Nordfjord area in western Norway offers a detailed view into a large crustal section that was subducted into the eclogite facies. The degree of transformation in typical pelite, paragneiss, granitic and granodioritic gneiss was assessed by modelling the equilibrium assemblage, comparing it with existing parageneses in these rocks and using U/Th–Pb zircon geochronology from laser ablation ICPMS to establish the history of mineral growth. U–Pb dates define a period of zircon recrystallization and new growth accompanying burial and metamorphism lasting from 430 to 400 Ma. Eclogite facies mafic rock (~2 vol.% of crust) is the most transformed composition and records the ambient peak conditions. Rare garnet‐bearing pelitic rocks (<10 vol.% of crust) preserve a mostly prograde mineral evolution to near‐peak conditions; REE concentrations in zircon indicate that garnet was present after 425 Ma and feldspar broke down after 410 Ma. Felsic gneiss – by far the most abundant rock type – is dominated by quartz + biotite + feldspar, but minor zoisite/epidote, phengitic white mica, garnet and rutile point to a prograde HP overprint. Relict textures indicate that much of the microstructural framework of plagioclase, K‐feldspar, and perhaps biotite, persisted through at least 25 Ma of burial, and ultimately UHP metamorphism. The signature reaction of the eclogite facies in felsic rocks – jadeite/omphacite growth from plagioclase – cannot be deduced from the presence of pyroxene or its breakdown products. We conclude that prograde dehydration in orthogneiss leads to fluid absent conditions, impeding equilibration beyond ~high‐P amphibolite facies.  相似文献   

黑龙江多宝山——大新屯地区铜金多金属成矿作用及找矿方向   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

韩振哲  刘娜  公凡影  李永胜  李仰春  姚磊 《地质论评》2015,61(4):787-796

黑龙江省多宝山—大新屯地区,铜矿以中—晚加里东期多宝山式斑岩型、燕山早期三矿沟式矽卡岩型为主,晚古生界海底火山岩有关喷发—沉积型铜锌矿床,具优越的成矿潜力,不同时期、类型铜矿床在空间分布上明显受古生代海相火山岩—碳酸盐岩建造控制,并具有"上金下铜"的斑岩—热液型铜金矿成矿系统的特征。金矿以燕山晚期三道湾子式浅成低温热液型金成矿作用强烈为特点;持续时间由早石炭世—早—中侏罗世的韧性剪切—走滑作用、中侏罗世为主要伸展期的变质核杂岩有关的金成矿作用,以及奥陶纪浊积岩(卡林型)有关金成矿作用,以中—小规模金矿床(点)为主;金矿受北西向、北东向的火山构造、变质核杂岩构造和韧性剪切—走滑作用控制,显示出良好的金找矿前景;结合近期的铜金矿重大勘查进展和成果,总结成矿规律,梳理了制约着铜金多金属矿找矿突破的关键地质问题,提出找矿方向和今后勘查工作部署建议。  相似文献   

Dusty roads and disconnections: Perceptions of dust from unpaved mining roads in Mongolia’s South Gobi province     

《Geoforum》2015

South Gobi province is at the center of Mongolia’s mining boom, where companies began exporting minerals over dirt-track roads in the early 2000s. This paper examines recent controversies surrounding road dust near the Oyu Tolgoi copper–gold mine, the so-called coal road from Tavan Tolgoi mines, and the Chinese border. At the time of the research, local residents, particularly nomadic herders, were concerned that dust produced from unpaved mining roads was coating the pasture, causing illnesses among livestock, and endangering their livelihoods in the region. The presence of dust rendered mining an uncomfortably intimate experience as state and corporate actors negotiated responsibility for infrastructure development. The paper builds on the concept “technologies of distantiation” to reveal the complex ways that dust from unpaved roads creates distances and disconnections between people, livelihoods, and landscapes, representing an enclosure of the pasture. Methods for the paper include interviews, focus groups, and participant observation conducted in South Gobi province and Ulaanbaatar in 2010, 2011, and 2012 as well as follow-up research carried out in spring 2015.  相似文献   

Upstairs-downstairs: supercontinents and large igneous provinces,are they related?     

Kent C. Condie  Anne Davaille  Richard C. Aster  Nicholas Arndt 《International Geology Review》2015,57(11-12):1341-1348

There is a correlation of global large igneous province (LIP) events with zircon age peaks at 2700, 2500, 2100, 1900, 1750, 1100, and 600 and also probably at 3450, 3000, 2000, and 300 Ma. Power spectral analyses of LIP event distributions suggest important periodicities at 250, 150, 100, 50, and 25 million years with weaker periodicities at 70–80, 45, and 18–20 Ma. The 25 million year periodicity is important only in the last 300 million years. Some LIP events are associated with granite-forming (zircon-producing) events and others are not, and LIP events at 1900 and 600 Ma correlate with peaks in craton collision frequency. LIP age peaks are associated with supercontinent rifting or breakup, but not dispersal, at 2450–2400, 2200, 1380, 1280, 800–750, and ≤200 Ma, and with supercontinent assembly at 1750 and 600 Ma. LIP peaks at 2700 and 2500 Ma and the valley between these peaks span the time of Neoarchaean supercraton assemblies. These observations are consistent with plume generation in the deep mantle operating independently of the supercontinent cycle and being controlled by lower-mantle and core-mantle boundary thermochemical dynamics. Two processes whereby plumes can impact continental assembly and breakup are (1) plumes may rise beneath supercontinents and initiate supercontinent breakup, and (2) plume ascent may increase the frequency of craton collisions and the rate of crustal growth by accelerating subduction.  相似文献   

贵州东部及邻区南华纪锰矿中黄铁矿硫同位素高异常及地质意义     

吴承泉  程远  张正伟  肖加飞  符亚洲  邵树勋  郑超飞  姚俊华 《地球化学》2015,44(3):213-224

贵州东部及邻区南华纪锰矿层中的黄铁矿产出形态多样,为了研究它们的成因标志,通过野外和镜下观察发现黄铁矿主要呈浸染状、条带状和结核状产出,并以草莓状和自形-半自形粒状结构为主。硫同位素测试结果显示含锰岩系中黄铁矿具有异常高δ34S值的特征,介于+37.9‰~+62.6‰之间(平均52.7‰),呈塔式分布,峰值在+46‰~+59‰之间,沿同一矿体剖面从下到上逐渐减小,不同矿床间差异大。结果表明沉积盆地的封闭性和冰川事件使海水硫酸盐浓度降低并富集重硫同位素,随后形成的硫酸盐最低带进一步减小了硫同位素的分馏,使黄铁矿的δ34S达到异常高值。随着沉积盆地逐渐变开放,矿层由下而上黄铁矿的δ34S值逐渐减小,而不同矿床黄铁矿的δ34S值差异则是因为沉积盆地封闭性的差异。因此,封闭的局限沉积盆地是锰矿床形成的重要地质背景条件,而渗流热卤水或火山锰源可能是矿床的主要锰质来源。  相似文献   

2008年1月贵州冻雨的数值模拟和层结结构分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张昕  高守亭  王瑾 《高原气象》2015,34(2):368-377

针对2008年初发生在贵州地区的严重冻雨过程,分别从环流背景、低空急流和水汽输送条件等方面分析了准静止锋维持的原因,并选取本次灾害最严重的第3次过程为典型个例,利用WRF模式针对准静止锋影响下的贵州冻雨进行数值模拟来研究冻雨的发生机制。模拟结果较好地反映出高低空环流形势场特征,强雨雪降水带的走向、落区,以及地面温度的分布,均与观测基本吻合。通过分析高分辨率模式的模拟结果,揭示了准静止锋上贵州地区冻雨的层结结构特征及云物质在冻雨区的分布特征。研究结果表明,贵州中部的冻雨区除一般的三层结构(包含冰晶层、暖层和冷层)外,还具有典型的两层结构特征,即:高空的固体降水粒子稀少,900~600 h Pa深厚的逆温层和0℃以上的暖层使中低空存在大量液态粒子,下落的液滴经过近地面的浅薄冷层,形成大量过冷却雨滴,而后降落至地面迅速冻结。  相似文献   

2009—2010年云南特大干旱的气候特征及成因   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

郑建萌  张万诚  陈艳  马涛 《气象科学》2015,35(4):488-496

基于云南122个站降水、气温资料分析2009—2010年特大干旱气候的特征。2009年7月至2010年6月云南气温持续偏高,降水持续偏少,干旱从2009年9月出现,一直持续到2010年5月,许多县(市)干旱持续时间接近200 d,单日的重、特旱县(市)站数破1961年以来记录。利用NCEP/NCAR再分析和OLR资料,应用环流分析、水汽输送等方法分析此次干旱形成和持续关键时段2009年9—10月、2010年3月和5月的环流异常。结果表明,2009年9—10月乌拉尔山、青藏高原东部为脊,冷空气活动偏弱;赤道印度洋对流层低层为异常东风、高层为异常西风,导致纬向的季风环流圈偏弱;孟加拉湾、中南半岛对流偏弱;西南季风通道进入云南的水汽输送偏弱,云南上空水汽含量偏少并为异常下沉区。2010年3月欧亚中高纬位势高度距平场为北负南正,以纬向环流为主,冷空气偏北;西太平洋副高与北非副高连通并在低纬形成坝状高压带;南支槽上游地区高度场偏高、为异常下沉区;西风带无明显波动,导致南支槽不活跃,云南处于水汽辐散区。2010年5月欧亚中高纬距平分布为"-+-",低槽和冷空气偏北,西太平洋副高西伸至安达曼海,阻挡了越赤道气流进入孟加拉湾,致使孟加拉湾南部、中南半岛西南季风爆发偏晚,云南为异常西北水汽输送,为水汽辐散区。  相似文献   

A2和B2排放情景下气候变化对福建省水稻生产的阶段性影响     

江敏  石春林  薛昌颖 《气象与环境科学》2015,38(4):38-46

选择IPCC排放情景特别报告(SRES)中的A2和B2方案,利用区域气候模式PRECIS构建的气候变化情景文件与作物模型(CERES-Rice)耦合,采用雨养与灌溉两种方式,并综合考虑未来CO2浓度增加带来的直接增益效应,模拟了未来2020s及2040s两个时段气候变化对福建省水稻生育期与产量的影响。结果表明:无论是雨养方式还是灌溉方式,未来全省各稻区水稻生育期都将缩短,并且随着温度增高,2040s时段缩短的时间较2020s更长,单季稻生育期缩短时间最长,可达15~20 d。雨养条件下,除了闽东南双季稻区后季稻在2020s时段表现为2.3%(A2)和3.1%(B2)较小幅度的增产外,其他稻区各种稻作制度下的水稻产量较之BASE均出现了不同幅度的减产。闽西北稻区后季稻减产幅度最大,2020s时段A2和B2情景下减产幅度依次为6.9%和10.2%,2040s时段减产幅度进一步加大至14.1%和15.6%。闽东南稻区后季稻模拟结果较为乐观,尤其是在灌溉条件下表现为不同幅度的增产,两种情景下分别增产了1.7%、3.9%。双季稻种植区的后季稻产量稳定性均不如早稻和单季稻的,且随着温度升高,到2040s产量不稳定性有增加的趋势。灌溉在一定程度上可以缓解未来高温天气带来的产量波动。从全省的总产变化趋势来看,A2和B2两种排放情景模拟的结果都不容乐观,即使采用充分灌溉的方式,也依旧表现为减产。2020s时段,两种情景下分别减产0.74%与2.44%;2040s时段,两种情景下减产为3.50%与3.23%。未来早稻和单季稻生长季的土壤水分条件将变得不如目前湿润,与之相关的灌溉需要量均有所增加。  相似文献   

四川省旅游景区空间分布差异研究     

白军利  张辉  王香玉 《地理信息世界》2015,(1)

以四川省为研究区域,利用数理统计方法及GIS技术,采用资源丰裕度指数、变异系数、均衡度指数及均衡比系数,对A级旅游景区空间分布差异进行测度。结果表明：整体层面,旅游景区空间分布均衡程度由大到小依次是5A级景区、4A级景区、3A级景区、所有景区、2A级景区;市际层面,各州市旅游景区空间分布差异较大,旅游景区分布最多、丰裕度最高的是成都;四类均衡比系数显示,交通均衡比系数较小,其次是经济均衡比,表明交通和经济因素对四川省旅游景区空间分布影响最大,经济越发达,交通越通达,旅游景区空间分布越均衡;在此差异测算基础上,提出四川省旅游景区空间布局优化建议。  相似文献